ART-opinion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART-opinion paper - Essay Example The visit to the art gallery was a memorable one, since one could devote sufficient time to browsing and discussing unique aspects about the art pieces with the helpful attendant on duty at that time. Also, since the visit was during afternoon hours, there were few visitors around, and a leisurely viewing was possible. The glass-fronted facade of the gallery permits an exciting view into the interiors, which are well lit with the help of numerous focus lights from the dark ceiling. Inside the gallery, the interiors are designed for displaying art pieces at their best. Backgrounds in pastel shades such as peach walls and surfaces, and sky-blue stands hold Western contemporary and abstract paintings, graphite and pastel drawings, sculptures, photography, raku pottery, bowls, designer jewellery and blown glass art pieces, each unique and distinctive. The eclectic collection of art in several mediums and genres from various sources, artists and craftsmen, is representative of some of the best in creativity from the western world. All the artists associated with the art gallery are local and regional Denver artists who are highly talented, some of whom have been nationally and internationally recognized for their artistic abilities. These original art works are infused with the energy, knowledge and sp irit of the artists whose creative skills are captured as a moment in time. Artists develop their distinctive style or technique over several years of formal and informal training while progressively mastering their craft. The paintings of wild animals in their natural habitats such as a doe and her young fawn, those of nature, country scenes and extraordinary sky-scapes compete for space with urban life depicted through towering sky-scrapers and buildings. All the art works are worthy of gracing any distinguished home, office or other space. The intrinsic value of fine art increases progressively and is a good

Cybercrime Definition Essay Example for Free

Cybercrime Definition Essay What is this Cyber crime? We read about it in newspapers very often. Lets look at the dictionary definition of Cybercrime: It is a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money. Mr. Pavan Duggal, who is the President of www.cyberlaws.net and consultant, in a report has clearly defined the various categories and types of cybercrimes. Cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories: 1. Cybercrimes against persons. 2. Cybercrimes against property. 3. Cybercrimes against government. Cybercrimes against persons: Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled. A minor girl in Ahmedabad was lured to a private place through cyberchat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gangrape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. Another example wherein the damage was not done to a person but to the masses is the case of the Melissa virus. The Melissa virus first appeared on the internet in March of 1999. It spread rapidly throughout computer systems in the United States and Europe. It is estimated that the virus caused 80 million dollars in damages to computers worldwide. In the United States alone, the virus made its way through 1.2 million computers in one-fifth of the countrys largest businesses. David Smith pleaded guilty on Dec. 9, 1999 to state and federal charges associated with his creation of the Melissa virus. There are numerous examples of such computer viruses few of them being Melissa and love bug. Cyberharassment is a distinct Cybercrime. Various kinds of harassment can and do occur in cyberspace, or through the use of cyberspace. Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or other.

Environmental And Family Factors Social Work Essay

Environmental And Family Factors Social Work Essay It is important to note that pseudonyms have been used throughout the case study in order to protect confidentiality, in adherence with the NMC (2008) Code: Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives. Health visiting practice involves the planning of activities aimed at improving the physical, mental, emotional and social health and wellbeing of the population, preventing disease and reducing inequalities in health (DoH, 2006). Children who come from families with multiple risk factors and are even more likely to be disadvantaged in terms of poor health and social outcomes such as developmental delay, behaviour problems, safeguarding concerns, mental illness, substance misuse, teenage parenting, low educational attainment and offending behaviour (WAG, 2012). The role of the Health Visitor is to identify children and families that are at high risk and or have low protective factors and to ensure that they have a personalised service to meet their needs. The services required may range from one off interventions to long term intensive support. The Health Visitor will ensure that adequate supportive resources are allocated to the family and will engage and work with key partners/agen cies to meet the wider health needs of the children and families (WAG, 2012). This case study will explore the needs of a family within the student health visitors practice case load. Lisa, a 24 year old mother of three, was living in a third floor flat without a working lift. Her partner Chris was working fulltime so she was left to alone look after a baby and three year old twins. This meant Lisa was effectively trapped in the flat as she felt unable to safely move all the children downstairs to get out. This came to the attention of the health visitor who was concerned that Lisa was 7 weeks postnatal and had not been attending well baby clinic with the baby as planned. Consequently a follow up home visit was arranged to compete the babys 8-week check and it was an opportunity for Lisa to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Scale (EPDS) as per local trust policy. During the follow up visit Lisa disclosed to the student and Practice Teacher that she had been feeling low and was finding it difficult to get motivated. Lisa was aware that not leaving the flat durin g the week when Chris was at work was having a negative effect on her own wellbeing and her childrens development. She stated that her relationship with Chris had become increasingly strained; he was working long hours at a local factory in order to provide for his family, which resulted in the couple spending very little time together. Lisa also disclosed that they had not planned to have any more children after having the twins due to financial difficulties, but Lisa had become pregnant while taking the contraceptive pill. Lisa mentioned that on occasions, when Chris comes home in the evening, the twins would still be in their pyjamas and he was becoming increasingly frustrated with the situation; however, he was aware that Lisa was enduring a significant lack of sleep during the night due to the baby waking for feeds and understood she was exhausted in the day needing to meet the needs of two active three year old girls. Lisa stated she felt isolated and trapped by the situation but felt helpless and unable to improve how she was feeling due to the factors which were out of her control. The lack of social housing and the high cost of private rental properties meant that the family were unable to move. Lisa and Chris both had difficult relationships with their families and had limited social support. Lisas EPDS result was 18 which was of concern, however, research suggests that this screening process may not be leading to effective identification of PND, with studies finding that more than half the cases of PND are unrecognised by health visitors and GPs (Kulsar, 2011; Seeley et al, 1996). This family was chosen for discussion because a significant body of evidence has emerged including the recent reviews by Tickell (2011), Field (2010) and Marmot (2010) indicate that the initial first years of a childs life have a major impact on their overall health potential, and future happiness and wellbeing. The Millennium Cohort findings also suggest that during the early years of a childs life, maternal depression can have a significant effect on healthy attachment and bonding which can have profound effects later in life. Experiencing mental health problems is extremely difficult at any time, however, there are considerably greater implications when experienced during pregnancy and the postnatal period, possibly leading to serious consequences for the mother, her infant and family members (NICE, 2007). PND is defined by Robertson (2010) as a non-psychotic depressive condition that can often affect women in the first six months following childbirth. Conversely, Gibson et al. (2009) define PND as a mental and emotional disorder, which can often occur in women up to one year after child birth. Robertson (2010) identifies that the symptoms of PND do not differ from symptoms of mild to moderate depression experienced at other times except for the likelihood that the baby will often be the focus of the womens worries, thoughts and feelings, which develop into a deep longer term depression. The Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Death (2008) reported PND as the leading cause of maternal death in the UK. Th e enquiry reported 29 maternal deaths were as a result of suicide during pregnancy or within the first six months postnatal. WHO (2010) predicts that depression will be a leading primary cause of disability due to ill health by the year 2020. Mental health is a central public health issue that should be a priority and PND is a significant contributor to this public health issue, with a number of studies showing women are of increased risk of developing depression following childbirth than at any other time in their lives (Almond, 2009). There is a plethora of literature relating the prevalence of PND. The Department of Health (2011) and Royal College of Psychiatrists (2011) report that 1 in 10 mothers in the United Kingdom experience PND, which is the statistic frequently quoted. However, Almond (2009) argues that the true incidence is much higher, estimating that as many as 1 in 5 women suffer PND. Most episodes of PND resolve spontaneously within three to six months but evidence indicates 1 in 4 affected mothers continue to suffer for more than a year after childbirth (BMJ, 2010). Evidence from a recent study by Kulcsar (2011) reveals that 70,000 mothers in the UK suffer from PND each year and half of these mothers and their families suffer in silence each year. The sooner a mother with PND gets help, the less damaging it will be for her and her family, but early treatment depends on being able to recognise the condition. In the majority of cases the health visitor will be the first and only contact with individual or family experiencing difficulties in their mental health (CPHVA, 2009; Millar and Walsh, 2000). Therefore the health visitors role is pivotal in the detection of PNDthrough the screening procedures and during the subsequent referral process. It is essential therefore that the health visitor has the skills necessary for the detection of mental health problems and is able to deliver interventions that promote a clients mental health; early identification and support for families is a key intervention highlighted by WAG (2012). The health visitors role is to assess for depression using national recommendations (NICE, 2007). Identifying needs and recognising the appropriate level of need can be achieved through several approaches. Maslow (1954) introduced the concept of a hierarchy of needs. This hierarchy is often presented as a pyramid. The bottom level of the pyramid forms the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once the lower-level of need have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Like Carl Rogers, Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential. This assignment will now explore the framework utilised for the assessment of the familys needs. In cases where there is a perceived need The Welsh Assembly Government (2006) advocates the use of a holistic needs assessment to be carried out by the health visitor. The framework adapted and implemented by the local trust (Local Trust, 2008) is based on the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) (Department of Health, 2000) which offers an effective tool for early identification of additional needs. The CAF provides the health visitor with a consistent approach to the systematic collection and recoding of information that focuses on the childs needs and strengths, taking account the role of parents, carers and the impact of wider environmental factors on parental capabilities, in order to gain a holistic view of a familys situation. However, this would not be possible without effectively engaging the family within the process, this requires being open and honest with parents and appreciatin g that they may be fearful that they are being viewed as failing (Aldgate and Bradley, 1999). The structure of the assessment framework provides a basis for implementing support and appropriate intervention and a mechanism for the health visitor to make judgements on how best to support the family such as making appropriate referrals and sharing information within agencies in order to raise awareness within the multi-disciplinary team of the factors which are impacting on the familys health and well-being. The health visitor has a lead role in co-ordinating agencies in order to ensure that the family is not overwhelmed with contacts unnecessarily. The health visitors role also involves anticipating and reacting to needs as they present plus maintaining up-to-date, accurate documentation that includes a record of the involvement of other services.. In this way, provision of appropriate services are determined and made available as the need arises (DoH, 2004). Appleton and Cowely (2008) states the assessment of a familys health need is a vital element of health visiting practice and requires the health visitor to utilise many skill, knowledge and judgements to make a pivotal assessment in assessing need, safeguarding children and in determining levels of health intervention to be offered to children and their families. For the purpose of the case study the domains of the framework will be discussed individually concentrating on the childs developmental needs, parenting capacity and family and environmental factors. The Assessment Framework (DoH, 2000) assisted the student health visitor to contemplate the wider determinates of health such as the social, economic and environmental conditions which have an impact on health (Dahlgren and Wightehead, 1991). In relation to this case study the rationale for a follow up home visit was that Lisa had not been attending well-baby clinic with Amy as planned. The student health visitor had not previously met Lisa thus the home visit provided a valuable opportunity for her to form a relationship with Lisa in the security of her own home and facilitated the initial assessment (Streeting, 2010). Environmental and family factors The home visit was a valuable opportunity for the student health visitor to begin to make an assessment of the home environment in order to ascertain if it is a safe, appropriate environment for a child to live in. Lisa and Chriss flat appeared to be a relatively hygienic environment with necessities such as water/heating/sanitation facilities and cooking amenities; sleeping arrangements were suitable. The family were experiencing financial difficulties. Although Chris was employed the household income was low. Lisa was unemployed having previously worked in retail prior to having children, but due to lack of childcare the couple had made the decision that she would stay at home to look after the children. The effects of hardship can increase the likelihood of behavioural problems that can affect a childs ability to learn, which in turn affects educational and economic outcomes and these adverse behaviours can have long-term detrimental effects on the dynamics of low-income families (Duncan, Claussens, and Engel, 2004). Lisa and Chris live in an area with adequate amenities such as a local General Practitioners Surgery and pharmacy, with good transport system to the nearby towns. However, Lisa and the children had become isolated in their home due to Lisas current mental health issues and lack of support. Housing was a factor that was adding to the difficulties Lisa was experiencing, specifically the issue relating to leaving the flat and having no operational lift. Shelter (2012) recommend that housing and childrens services work together to collect information that identifies the impact of bad housing on outcomes. Completing a CAF will assists the health visitor to identify causes for concern and liaise with local the housing department where appropriate. In full consultation with Lisa, a letter was provide to the local housing authority highlighting concerns the family had. Joint Working Shelter believes that a stable home and immediate environment are fundamental to the wellbeing of children. Research by Shelter (2006) shows that outcomes are seriously undermined if there is failure to recognise problems and put a childs need for a stable and decent home at the heart of any practice. Lisa and Chris were awaiting a move to a house and at the point of writing this case study they we re still situated in the flat, however, the lift had been repaired but continued to be out of use on several occasions. As Lisas mental health was a cause for concern an assessment was undertaken by using the 10 question Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), (See Appendix 2). It is acknowledged as a valuable and effective way of identifying mothers experiencing depression (Cox et al, 1987). The EPDS is a tool that is simple but effective screening tool. Mothers who score above 13 are likely to be suffering from depressive symptoms. The EPDS score should not override clinical judgment. Lisa scored 18 out of 30 and it was agreed that she would make an appointment with her GP for further assessment, to confirm the diagnosis and discuss treatment options. Listening visits were then offered; this is a form of treatment provided by the health visiting service. A study by Turner et al (2010) indicated all 22 women who were interviewed after receiving this service reported the visits as beneficial, although many of them had also required additional intervention to manage their symptoms. For women with mild to moderate mental health problems, active listening provides opportunities for women to describe their experiences and tell their stories, and represent a useful way of establishing good rapport (Kulsar, 2011). A fundamental strategy in the promotion of maternal mental health is the use of effective skills to form a therapeutic relationship. Health visiting is recognised as being a relationship-based activity (Cowley, 1995 and Kendall, 1993). It is essential therefore that the health visitor has the skills necessary for the detection of mental health problems and is able to deliver interventions that promote a clients mental health through fostering good, open communication. Research by Saunders (2001) into assessing a familys needs and vulnerability has demonstrated that a client-centred, open approach promotes a trusting relationship that is empowering. Developmental needs The Assessment Framework DoH (2000) recognises that consideration should also be given to any social or environment disadvantages that can have an impact on the childs development. Amy was now seven weeks old and from holistic observation and assessment of her growth measurements she was at the normal stage of health and development for her age. Lisa was due to attend her 8 week postnatal visit with her GP the following week. The World Health Organisation (2008) reports that maternal mental health is inextricably linked with both physical and psychological development of children. Tackling the maternal mental health needs is likely to benefit these important outcomes. Field (2010) supports this, stating that maternal physical and mental health is a key driver of life chances throughout childhood which can have a major impact on inequalities in health and wellbeing as an adult. When PND is untreated it is associated with many adverse effects on the infant and can impact on child devel opment with potentially severe consequences in behavioural and physical development (Smith, 2011; Meredith and Noller, 2003). Bowlby (1988) identified the importance of attachment between mother and infant, highlighting the infants need for a responsive parental figure that is both physically and emotionally available. More recent evidence indicates that a depressed mother may not be able to provide the attention and stimulus an infant requires in the early stages required for emotional and cognitive development. The consequences initially can be behavioural problems, issues with eating and sleeping, plus delay in speech development which can lead to problems socialising (Smith, 2011). Lack of maternal bonding and responsiveness in situations where mothers experience long-term depression can significantly affect a childs self-esteem and increase their own chances of developing depression later in life, reducing their quality of health and wellbeing (Murray et al., 2011). The Acheson report (1998) reinforces this by saying the best way to reduce inequalities in a childs mental and physical health is to focus on the interventions offered to parents. The evidence also indicates PND may lead to relationship breakdown which can have a destructive effect on the family and society as a whole (Field, 2010). Parenting Capacity Providing for the childs physical and emotional needs involves ensuring appropriate provision of food, drink, warmth, shelter, clean and appropriate clothing and adequate personal hygiene in a secure safe, stimulating environment; parents should also be able to communicate positively verbally and non-verbal (body language), which is fundamental to a childs health and development (Cowie, 2012; DoH, 2000). Cowie (2012) states that how and to what extent a parent interacts and the extent of infant attachment can be influenced by any difficulties the parent is experiencing. In this particular case the assessment of Lisas low mood could affect her ability to parent to full capacity in offering the components necessary for positive parent/infant bonding and attachment to occur, which is vital to the development of a child (Department of Health, 2004). Lisas emotional health was a cause for concern. The Department of Health (2000) reinforce this suggesting that a parents emotional health has an impact on parenting and the nature and quality of early attachments, which in turn can affect the characteristics of the childs temperament, adaptation to change, response to stress and degree of appropriate self-control. Therefore, by utilising the Assessment Framework, the needs and problems presented by the family were identified (DOH, 2000). Early recognition of parental issues is important to establish supportive, child-focused interventions; the needs of the child must always be paramount (Local trust, 2008). The assessment the National Service Framework, WAG (2006) recognises that appropriate interventions and referrals should be made to other agencies if needs or problems are identified. The DOH (2010) puts forward the notion that working with such a complex situation requires an appropriate level of knowledge, understanding, skills and abilities. The CPHVA (2009) would agree as they suggest that assessing the risks for children relies on the skills, knowledge and abilities of the health visitor, therefore it is essential that all relevant information is shared between professionals. Consequently, Lisa was informed that, due to me being a student, my practice teacher (her health visitor) would need to be informed of all information disclosed. It was explained to Lisa that this was to ensure that the family gained the correct level of support. An important role of the health visitor is sign posting and involving other agencies, including those within the voluntary sector that can for some families provide the most valuable intervention. Supporting parents is central to the current governments approach to improving childrens lives, which was highlighted in the strategy paper Every Child Matters (DoH, 2003). It has been acknowledged for some time that family support services should be offered where needs have been assessed, and where there is a probability of increasing positive outcomes for children and families (McAuley et al, 2004). A timely referral was made, with Lisas full informed consent, to Home-Start which is a voluntary organisation situated locally but also operating on a national level and is one of the leading family support charities within the UK. The service is based on carefully selected and appropriately trained volunteers offering regular confidential and non-judgemental support and friendship. Practical help is given to young families under stress in their own homes thus preventing family crisis or breakdown. Home visiting volunteers are available to call weekly, and support can continue for as long as the family needs it or until the youngest child turns five. The objectives of Home-Start are to safeguard, protect and preserve good health, both mental and physical, of children and parents. Not having a good support network and having a partner that works long hours increased Lisas feelings of isolation and loneliness which contributed to the development of PND. Following referral, Lisa and her matched volunteer got on well together and the volunteer helped her get motivated to leave her flat and get out for short walks initially. Lisa was able to use some of her volunteers home-visiting time getting little jobs done, such as hanging the washing out. Lisas Home-Start volunteer offered her vital links into the community, helping her access a mother and baby group, which provided a further opportunity for Lisa to build a support network that would help her to increase her confidence and parenting skills. McAuley et al (2004) state that mothers receiving the support of a Home-Start volunteer when they were experiencing high levels of stress reported that they valued the service and considered that it had a positive effect on their lives and relationships with their children and partners. Conversely, research carried out by Health Visitors in Formby made suggestions that more intensive short-term support service (maybe twice week for parents who may have PND or multiple births) would enhance the outcomes. However, in Lisas situation, the weekly listening visits provided by the health visitor provided an increased level of intervention, which proved successful. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008), accurate documentation and record keeping is vital and therefore clear, concise and factual documentation was provided in the Child Health records, recording all home visits made to the family home and telephone conversations. Hoban (2005) clearly illustrates the importance of accurate and effective record-keeping as he suggests that it is fundamental to high quality care. Lynch (2009) comments that accurate record-keeping also enables effective communication with other professionals involved in patients care. Additionally, the CPHVA (2009) clearly illustrate that the health visitor has a responsibility to consult with colleagues, other agencies if they have concerns for safeguarding and protecting childrens welfare and to make a referral to Childrens Services when the threshold regarding the risk of harm is reached. The effectiveness of utilising the Assessment framework and intervention strategies can be evaluated by reflecting on practice. For example the Gibbs (1988) model of reflection will be used, as this model is clear and precise allowing for description, analysis and evaluation of the experience helping the reflective practitioner to make sense of experiences and examine their practice and provide an action plan for future care (Paget, 2001). As within this case study partnership working was the key to draw upon the essential knowledge, skills and experience of healthcare professionals to improve the health inequalities that were affecting the familys health. In conclusion there is a powerful body of evidence to show that what a child experiences during the early years lays down a foundation for the whole of their life. A childs physical, social, and cognitive development (The Marmot Review, 2010)

Farewell To Arms: Religion Essay -- essays research papers

Religion in "A Farewell to Arms" For hundreds of years, writers have used religion as a principle issue and point of discussion in their novels. Hawthorne expressed his views in The Scarlet Letter, Garcia Marquez did the same in One Hundred Years of Solitude and in other writings, and even Ernest Hemingway used his writing to develop his own ideas concerning the church. This is fully evident in his novel A Farewell to Arms. Even in a book in which the large majority of the characters profess their atheism, the ideas of the church materialize repeatedly as both characters and as topics of conversations. Religion is presented through reflections of the protagonist "Lieutenant Henry," and through a series of encounters involving Henry and a character simply identified as "the priest." Hemingway uses the treatment of the priest by the soldiers and by Henry himself to illustrate two ways of approaching religion in a situation in which God has no place, and employs these encounters between the pri est and other characters as a means of expressing religious views of his own. Most evident to the reader is the strict difference between the priest's relationship with Henry and that which he has with the other soldiers. Hemingway repeatedly emphasizes this in all sections of the book, even after Henry is injured, when he is completely isolated from the other soldiers. The first instance the reader sees of this is only six pages into the novel. Hemingway writes, "That night in the mess after the spaghetti course . . . the captain commenced picking on the priest" (6-7). Hemingway's diction is suggestive: "commenced" signifies not only that the soldiers began to pick on the priest, but that ridiculing the priest was their main activity prior to dinner as well as after. Almost the same scenario is portrayed only a few pages later: "the meal was finished, and the argument went on. We two stopped talking and the captain shouted, 'Priest not happy. Priest not happy without girls.'" (14). The soldiers' ridicule of the priest is again hi ghlighted when Henry, bed-stricken with his injury, asks the priest "How is the mess?" (69). The priest replies "I am still a great joke" (69). The reader sees an obvious pattern in the relationship between the priest and the others. Mo... ...igion and God that the reader will receive in the novel. God may or may not be there, but that doesn't affect, and certainly does not help, anyone in the book or in the war itself. The views Hemingway presents in the novel at this point become, if not clear, at least more accessible to the reader. The priest no longer represents God. He does represent religion, for this is why he receives the verbal battery he does from the soldiers. But to Henry and to the reader he is simply another man with strong beliefs. God, in the novel, either does not exist or is completely apathetic to the actions of man. The one religious icon the reader sees in the book, the St. Anthony necklace Catherine gives to Henry, is disregarded and lost within twenty pages. Henry's strongest sense of devotion in the book is to Catherine, and in this way love for him is a "religious" feeling, but by no other definition of the word is this true. The priest nicely expresses Hemingway's message when he says, "there in my country it is understood that a man may love God. It is not a dirty joke" (71). The frontlines are no place for religion. God has no place in war.

Discrimination against people with HIV at work Essay

More than twenty years after the first case of HIV Aids were reported, the issue of discrimination of HIV Aids infected workers continue to elicit mixed reactions in most organizations. Discrimination, at the work place is common all over the world, although it may manifest itself differently depending on the organization. According to an International Labour Organization, ILO (6) report â€Å"Global Report on HIV Pandemic†, â€Å"HIV infected employees suffer stigma which could be in the form of ridicule or social isolation and in some cases their employment might be terminated. † This essay will be highlighting the issue of HIV Aids discrimination at the work place by assessing the existing divergences on this issue. The problem of HIV Aids discrimination at the work place has become more pertinent because of the serious negative effects on individual and overall performance of organizations. The impacts of AIDS on employees at the work place are very considerable to the extent that it has led to the deaths of skilled and educated personnel. HIV Aids is a normal disease that is just like any other and therefore we need to deal with those that are infected with lots of understanding. All over the world, governments have realized the impacts of HIV Aids and put across legislations meant to address this issue. In South Africa, the Employment Equity Act made it illegal for the majority of Government departments to carry out pre-employment HIV testing (ILO 22). Many countries have integrated HIV policy that protects those infected in their policies on employment so as to curb discrimination. However some countries still have legislations that are discriminatory. Cases of deportation of expatriates with HIV/AIDS have been reported in the United Arab Emirates UAE, (Rahimi 17) hence bringing to fore challenges that are brought about by these variations. Discrimination against workers infected with AIDS is unacceptable within organizations and is punishable by law. This allows for infected and able workers to contribute to the economy and towards leading a normal life. AIDS and other related infections can be addressed in the workplace through the formation of a committee that will promote the implementation of non-discriminatory policies in the workplace against infected employees. The committee develops policies on HIV/AIDS that aim at addressing the plight of infected persons and their welfare in the workplace. The program will contain policies that address employment issues of the infected employees. The program is communicated to all departments of the organization to give employees a chance to familiarize themselves on the disease. The support of the top management is necessary for the successful implementation of the HIV/AIDS program. The HIV/AIDS workplace policy components that guide the employer in dealing with the infected employees to ensure they are respected, their status kept confidential and they are treated like any other employee. The policy also prohibits the employee from conducting tests on prospective employees. The committee should develop an education program which will offer education to the employees about HIV/AIDS to avoid misunderstanding between the employees. The employees should understand the facts to avoid discriminating infected employees. By understanding how the disease can and cannot be transmitted will reduce discrimination in the workplace. The program will also inform the employees on their rights regarding their employment and any form of discrimination. The education program should also provide for ways to avoid the spread of the disease and ensuring the safety of the employees. This will help in avoiding stigmatization of infected employees. The program should also offer support through guidance and counseling the infected. The education should offer for evaluation on its effectiveness towards reducing discrimination and fighting the disease in the workplace. Mellow recommends on the evaluation of tasks and activities performed by the employees to ensure their safety. Employees who are always in contact with body fluids face a high risk of getting infected and the company should consider providing them with the necessary safety equipment. The committee should also develop the infection control program that aims at reducing infections in the workplace. Already infected employees are informed on how to conduct themselves to avoid spreading infections in the workplace. The applicability of the program is confined to situations where the employees can get infected while conducting their normal duties. The employees are provided with protective gear that shields them from spreading or getting infected with the disease. The program informs the employees on how to clean their protective equipment to avoid transmissions to unsuspecting employees (48). Discrimination amongst employees with AIDS violates the basic human right to work and the fundamental principles to work. This further affects the measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The loss of skilled employees due to their positive status result to low production of the organization and as the operation costs rise higher. To resolve the HIV/AIDS issue in the workplace should be approached carefully by observing the workers rights. The workers should be involved in decision making and the formulation of policies about the issue in their work environment. This will avoid rejection by the employees of the HIV/AIDS program once it starts to be adopted. The employees should also be made to understand why it is important for the company to adopt such a program. Participation by all the factions of the organization will provide for its successful adoption. The employees should also be provided with the necessary equipment to reduce their exposure towards contracting the disease. The organization should also respect decisions by workers to reject an activity due to high exposure towards contacting the disease. The mere excuse of refusing to perform an activity because a colleague is infected does not validate it. However, where lack of protective gear is cited the employee has got reason to refuse performing the activity. Workers also have the right to know areas in the workplace that highly expose them towards getting infected with the disease. In implementing the education program, the committee should oversee the placing of warning signs in the organization informing employees of the underlying danger. Anti-discriminatory policies on HIV at the work place however face immense criticism from various quarters who argue that they just bring in unnecessary costs and sometimes are used to protect non-performers. A point put forward is that in most cases there is reduced production when it comes to those that are infected, hence either putting employers in a dilemma of facing the wrath of being sued or facing the wrath of trade unions if they terminate the employee or retaining the employer and incurring extra costs. These opposing camps further posit that these workers are always a source of conflict with other workers; which leads to reduced overall performance. Some employees might feel uncomfortable working around them, an issue most organizations have ignored. Generally this state of affairs can be seen in most organizations throughout the world, but the extent of discrimination from different organizations. Conclusion The development of a HIV/AIDS program aims at ensuring that infected workers get a chance to lead a normal life while serving the nation. The program starts by formulating a company’s HIV/AIDS policy with the help of the workers. This will lead to the quick implementation of the program without facing any opposition. The next step is the formation of an education program that educates the workers on the facts about the disease and how to protect themselves. The program also sees the provision of safety equipment and the identification of areas that pose great risk of infection to employees. The programs should then be continually evaluated to check on their effectiveness in containing the disease. If the program is ineffective then changes are made to improve on its effectiveness. There is need to understand that no policy or legal framework can fully address the issue of HIV at the work place. Appropriate communication mechanisms are needed at the work place especially when it comes to confronting the fears and attitudes that continue hampering effective and sustained policies that protect employees infected with HIV Aids. Works Cited International Labor Organization. Global Report on HIV Pandemic Geneva: ILO, 2005. Mello J. A. AIDS and the Law of the Workplace. New York: West view Press, 2006. Rahimi, S. The UAE’s New Fight against HIV. New York: Penguin, 2007.

Free Essays on Mother

Write an essay on mother and son relationship A mother's love is very important. A child who feels love is most likely to succeed and give it in return than a child who never received it and doesn't know what it means to be loved. In most cases, it is the mother's love, care, and understanding that enable the child to overcome many hurdles in their life. In my case, I was able to An important obstacle that I overcame because of my mother was shyness. I always kept to myself and never felt the need to go out of my way to be friendly. But my mother constantly told me and pointed out that communication is key in the real world and that I had to learn to communicate with people if I wanted to succeed. She realized that in order for me to overcome my shyness, I had to start talking to people and being sociable so she introduced me to different people and I began to open up more. Eventually I was able to start high school and make life-long friends there and I owe it all to her. Another obstacle I overcame was self-doubt. Whenever I had trouble believing I could do something, my mother was always there to believe in me and constantly install me that I could do anything as long as I believed I could. Whenever I have trouble with friends or school or when I was just in one of my "moods", my mother was always there for me and willing to discuss my dilemmas. The fact that she is proud of what I accomplish is the main reason for my success so far and I am glad that with her help, I am more confident in my abilities and potential. The last obstacles that I overcame and am still overcoming are the overall difficult times. These times include problems concerning school, and even problem with my parents. Like I said before, when I do have problems with work being extremely difficult, my mother doesn't criticize me for failing, but encourages me to try harder and tells me she is still proud of my efforts. She knows that I am not perfect ... Free Essays on Mother Free Essays on Mother Write an essay on mother and son relationship A mother's love is very important. A child who feels love is most likely to succeed and give it in return than a child who never received it and doesn't know what it means to be loved. In most cases, it is the mother's love, care, and understanding that enable the child to overcome many hurdles in their life. In my case, I was able to An important obstacle that I overcame because of my mother was shyness. I always kept to myself and never felt the need to go out of my way to be friendly. But my mother constantly told me and pointed out that communication is key in the real world and that I had to learn to communicate with people if I wanted to succeed. She realized that in order for me to overcome my shyness, I had to start talking to people and being sociable so she introduced me to different people and I began to open up more. Eventually I was able to start high school and make life-long friends there and I owe it all to her. Another obstacle I overcame was self-doubt. Whenever I had trouble believing I could do something, my mother was always there to believe in me and constantly install me that I could do anything as long as I believed I could. Whenever I have trouble with friends or school or when I was just in one of my "moods", my mother was always there for me and willing to discuss my dilemmas. The fact that she is proud of what I accomplish is the main reason for my success so far and I am glad that with her help, I am more confident in my abilities and potential. The last obstacles that I overcame and am still overcoming are the overall difficult times. These times include problems concerning school, and even problem with my parents. Like I said before, when I do have problems with work being extremely difficult, my mother doesn't criticize me for failing, but encourages me to try harder and tells me she is still proud of my efforts. She knows that I am not perfect ...